Internal and external factors that affect listening

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Listening is a conscious human behavior which is affected by both internal and external factors.

Internal factors:

Internal factors are basically guided by the attitude of an individual. That is the physical and emotional condition which affect the listening process is known as internal factors. Major internal factors are as follows:

1. Physical condition:
If an individual is physically unfit, then he/ she will not be able to concentrate on the speaker and correctly interpret the message. Thus, listening is affected by physical condition of a person.

2. Emotional condition:
Like physical condition, emotional condition also has considerable impact on the listening process. Any extreme emotional like great happiness or sadness interferes the listening process.

3. Attitude towards the speaker:
If we do not like a person, then we show less attention to him\her as a result we failed to listen the message clearly. Prof. Ricks and Gow rightly mentioned, “Favorable attitudes can improve the effectiveness of your listening, unfavorable attitudes often limit listening effectiveness.”

4. Personal beliefs:
We have personal beliefs on different subjects. When any person express an opinion against our own beliefs, then immediately we start to dislike him/her and accordingly proper interpretation of the message cannot be possible.

5. Expectations:
If we have some pervious idea about the speaker then out expectations influenced by that idea. We become tuned (mentally prepared) to listen as per our expectations and it limits our ability of proper interpretation of the message.

External factors:

Besides internal factors there are also some external factors which can reduce the effectiveness of listening.

These factors are as follows:
1. Semantic barriers:
If the speaker uses unfamiliar words or technical words them it’s very difficult on the part of the listener to interpret the actual meaning.

2. Poor presentation techniques:
Poor or inefficient presentation of the message also disturbs the listening process.

3. Uninteresting subject:
In case of uninteresting subject the listener also can lose his/her concentration.

4. Undesirable environment:
Excessive noise, sitting arrangement, smoking etc. also can interrupt the listening process and accordingly effectiveness of listening reduces.