Internal and external factors that affect listening

Internal and external factors that affect listening

Hello dear friends here you will get internal and external factors that affect listening. Panloob at panlabas na mga kadahilanan na nakakaapekto sa pakikinig. Friend I think you will get advantage from this article and site. Friend I have written an article Difference between hearing and listening last post.

Listening is a conscious human behavior which is affected by both internal and external factors.

Internal factors:
Internal factors are basically guided by the attitude of an individual. That is the physical and emotional condition which affect the listening process is known as internal factors. Major internal factors are as follows:

1. Physical condition:
If an individual is physically unfit, then he/ she will not be able to concentrate on the speaker and correctly interpret the message. Thus, listening is affected by physical condition of a person.

2. Emotional condition:
Like physical condition, emotional condition also has considerable impact on the listening process. Any extreme emotional like great happiness or sadness interferes the listening process.

3. Attitude towards the speaker:
If we do not like a person, then we show less attention to him\her as a result we failed to listen the message clearly. Prof. Ricks and Gow rightly mentioned, “Favorable attitudes can improve the effectiveness of your listening, unfavorable attitudes often limit listening effectiveness.”

4. Personal beliefs:
We have personal beliefs on different subjects. When any person express an opinion against our own beliefs, then immediately we start to dislike him/her and accordingly proper interpretation of the message cannot be possible.

5. Expectations:
If we have some pervious idea about the speaker then out expectations influenced by that idea. We become tuned (mentally prepared) to listen as per our expectations and it limits our ability of proper interpretation of the message.

External factors:

Besides internal factors there are also some external factors which can reduce the effectiveness of listening.

These factors are as follows:
1. Semantic barriers:
If the speaker uses unfamiliar words or technical words them it’s very difficult on the part of the listener to interpret the actual meaning.

2. Poor presentation techniques:
Poor or inefficient presentation of the message also disturbs the listening process.

3. Uninteresting subject:
In case of uninteresting subject the listener also can lose his/her concentration.

4. Undesirable environment:
Excessive noise, sitting arrangement, smoking etc. also can interrupt the listening process and accordingly effectiveness of listening reduces.

Internal and external factors that affect listening

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How listening skill can be improved?

How listening skill can be improved?

Hello dear friends here you will get How can one be a better listener?, The guidelines for effective listening, How listening skill can be improved?, Paano pakikinig kakayahan mapapabuti? Friend i guess here you will get advantage from this article. I have written an articles What are the different types of listening? last day.

Poor listening leads to miscommunication. Sometimes we failed to understand the fact that listening is the indispensable part of oral communication. Thus to ensure effective oral communication. Thus to ensure effective oral communication one need to be a good listener.

Thill and Bovee advocated that, “To be a good listener, very the way you listen to suit various situations. “That is we can say listening is situational. Listener should try to listen differently in different situation by evaluating the speaker’s attitude.

Guidelines for effective listening are as follows:
1. Judge content:
To be a better listener one should judge the content of the message.

2. Increase your vocabulary:
Unfamiliar words can be easily misunderstood. Thus to be a good listener an individual need to increase his/her vocabulary.

3. Consider non-verbal signals:
Communication experts suggested that a good listener should not concentrate only on the oral messages, rather he/she must consider the non-verbal cues of the speaker. That is the eye movement, facial expression, tone of voice and body movements also should be considered.

The most popular ten (10) guidelines for effective listening are as follows:
1. Stop talking:
Unfortunately, most of us prefer talking to listening. Even when we are not talking, we are inclined to concentrate on what to say nest rather than on listening to what is being said. So you must stop talking before you can listen.

2. Put the talker at ease:
If you make the talker fell at ease, she or she will do a better job of talking. Then you will have better input with which to work.

3. Show the talker you want to listen:
If you can convince the talker that you are listening to understand rather than to oppose, you will help create a climate for information exchange. Specifically, you should look and act interested. Doing things like reading, looking at your watch, and looking away distracts the talker.

4. Remove distraction:
Certain activates can also distract the talker. So don’t doodle, tap with your pencil, shuffle papers or the like.

5. Empathize with the talker:
If you place yourself in the talker’s position and look at things from her or his point of view, you will help create a climate of understanding. With such a climate established, a true exchange of information can result.

6. Be patient:
You will need to allow the talker plenty of time. Remember that not everyone can get to the point as quickly and clearly as you. And do not interrupt. Interruptions merely serve as barriers to information exchange.

7. Hold your temper:
From our review of the workings of our mental fitters, we know that angry minds do not contribute to communication. Angry people build walls among themselves. They harden their positions and block their minds to other’s words.

8. Go easy on argument and criticism:
Argument and criticism tend to put the talker on the defensive. Thus, he or she tends to “clam up” or get angry. Even if you win the argument, you lose. Rarely does either party benefit from such controversy.

9. Ask Questions:
By frequently asking questions. You display an open mind. You show that you are listening. You also help develop the message and ensure correctness of meaning.

10. Stop talking:
This last commandment was also the first. All other commandments depend on it.

How listening skill can be improved?,How can one be a better listener?
The guidelines for effective listening

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The guidelines for effective speech

The guidelines for effective speech

Hello dear friends here you will get what are the factors to be considered for effective speech? Or, The guidelines for effective speech. I guess here you will get advantage from this article.
Speaking is an art- but all speakers are not equally expert in the art of speaking. Planed, organized or effective speeches can ensure favorable responses of the audience. Millions of people can be moved by an effective speech. Business executive need to be master in the art of speaking to achieve the organizational objectives.

For effective speech following factor should be carefully considered:
1. Identification of purposes:
First of all purposes of the speech should be clearly identified. Without proper selection of the objectives speeches become meaningless.

2. Analyzing the audience:
The natural of the audience must be evaluated to take proper strategy. Delivering speech in the same style to different types of audience will not be able to achieve its purpose. Thus depending on the very attitude and size of the audience appropriate style of presentation should be determined.

3. Planning the speech:
Like written messages, speeches also should be preplanned. After evaluation the audience the main idea, detailed description and length of the speech must be fixed.

4. Prepare outline:
For speeches especially for long speeches outline should be prepared. Outline of a speech helps the speaker to present the speech in a orderly manner. The chance of omitting major points can be minimized.

5. Careful about the length of speech:
Appropriate length of speech should be determined carefully by considering the purpose of the speech and time available for such speech.

6. Appropriate style:
Another major factor that must be considered for effective speech is the selection of style. Generally a casual style is followed for small audience and more formal style is followed for big audience.

7. Use of non-verbal sign:
To make the speech attractive and to express the meaning clearly one should use non-verbal signs during the speech. That is eye movement; facial expression, gesture and body movements should be used to make the speech more meaningful.

8. Attractive introduction:
Any speech should be started with an attractive introduction. This will help to hold the attention of the audience.

9. Overcoming fears:
It is very important for a speaker to overcome fears to ensure effective speech. Common techniques to overcome fears are as follows: (Thill & Bovee: 1996)

i) Think positively about the audience
ii) Be confident
iii) Take a few deep breaths before delivering the speech.
iv) If your throat is dry, drink some water.
v) Concentrate on your message and your audience not on yourself etc.




10. Ending on positive note:
There is an old saying “All’s well that ends well.” Thus to complete the speech successfully it should be ended with a positive and friendly note.

The guidelines for effective speech

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What are the reasons for ineffective oral/verbal communication?

What are the reasons for ineffective oral/verbal communication?

Hello dear guys here you will get what are the reasons for ineffective oral communication? Or, why oral communication failed to achieve goal? I guess you will get advantage about main reasons of ineffective oral/verbal communication from this articles. friends i have written articles Techniques of oral communication last day. Negosyo Komunikasyon. Small Business.

Sometimes oral communication failed to achieve its goal due to following reasons:
1. Wrong selection of words:
If wrong or inappropriate words are selected without considering the understanding level of the listener the oral communication become ineffective.

2. Wrong pronunciation:
Wrong pronunciation also creates misunderstanding in oral communication.

3. Use of technical words:
Over use of technical words creates distance between speaker and listener and ultimately communication go in vain.
4. Lack of courtesy:
Courtesy is an indispensable part of effective oral communication, thus lack of courtesy make the process ineffective.

5. Ignoring ‘you-view’ point:
Consideration of ‘you-view’ point is a sine-qua-non for effective communication. That is in any form of communication receivers’ attitude, interest and expectations must be considered to design the appropriate way of communication. Thus when ‘you-view’ point is ignored oral communication become ineffective or meaningless.

7. Poor listening:
Proper listening is a prerequisite for effective oral communication. Poor listening lead to poor response which can create misunderstanding.

8. Lack of attention:
Lack of attention of either party can destroy the process of oral communication.

Business Communication

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Techniques of oral communication

Techniques of oral communication

Hello dear guys here you will get The media of oral communication or, Methods/techniques of oral communication. I think you will get advantage from this Business Communication Articles site. Friends I have written articles Effective oral/verbal communication last day. Negosyo Komunikasyon

Oral communication can be accomplished through different media. The most common methods of oral communication are as follows: Techniques of oral communication.
1. Face to face conversation:
The oldest form of oral communication is face to face communication. Here two or more persons exchange ideas and information in a face to face situation. Techniques of oral communication.

2. Conversation over telephone:
Conversation between two persons who are staying in a distance place can be possible through telephone. Telephonic conversation works almost like face to face conversation.

3. Meeting of Oral communication:
It is also a face to face situation but not between two persons rather a group of people get together to discuss on a particular subject.

4. Video conference:
It is a technology based oral communication. Here different groups of people staying different geographical location can share their views and take decision on a specific issue. This kind of oral communication can be held by the help of video and satellite technology. Techniques of oral communication.

5. Interview:
It is a method of oral communication where information’s are collected by asking questions.
The interviewers prepared a list of questions and later ask those questions to the interviewee. Techniques of oral communication.

6. Radio and television:
These are means of one way communication. Radio is oral communication where only audio technology is used and messages only can be informed. But television is an audio-visual technology where oral messages are supported by video pictures. In fact radio, television are mass media.

These are the basic forms or media of oral communication. Besides these seminars, counseling, announcement etc. are also media of oral communication.

Business Communication

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Effective oral/verbal communication

Effective verbal communication

Hello dear friends here you will get Guidelines/Principles for effective oral communication or, Essentials of effective oral/verbal communication. I guess you will get advantage form this site and post. I have written Advantage and Disadvantage of a Report last article.

The attitudes of different people are different like their finger prints. So, if a salesman try to motivate all customers in the same way, it can be safely advocated that, he/she (salesman) will not be hundred percent (100%) successful. That is there is no single medicine for all the diseases.

Like these there is no single style of speaking which will be effective for all the purposes. Essential factors or guidelines of effective oral communication can be summarized as follows:



1. Appropriate word selection:
Depending on the education level, status and attitude of the receiver appropriate word should be choose for effective communication.

2. Brevity? Briefness:
In most of the cases long sentences and continuous talking creates confusion and main message lost. Thus oral conversations need to be brief.

3. Clear production:
This is perhaps a major precondition for effective oral communication. Poor pronunciation lead to misunderstanding and sometimes the image of the sender can be destroyed.

4. you-view point:
To make oral communication effective listener’s point of view should be considered, that is the attitude of the listener mist be analyzed.

5. Natural voice:
Speakers should use their natural voice in case of oral communication. Artificial voices may create communication gap.

6. Simple to complex:
To hold the attention of the listener and to make him/her easy one should start with simple explanation of the matter then can move to detailed discussion.

7. Avoid technical words:
To be effective, in oral communication technical words and jargons should be avoided.

8. Courteous:
In case of oral communication the speaker should maintain courtesy throughout the communication. Courteous behavior is a precondition for successful oral communication.

Business Communication

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What is Business Report?

What is Business Report?

Hello dear friends i have posted yesterday Difference between letter and memo its so has so good information in this article and you will get What is Business Report?, What is Report?, Define Report, the structure of a Business Report. Business Communication.

Another form of written communication is report. Generally reports are analytical in nature. It is longer than letters and memos and contains detailed discussion. Reports are one kind of managerial instruments which used to evaluate a situation.

What is Business Report? According to Ricks and Gow, “A report is a written message presenting information that will help a decision maker to solve business problems”.

The basic purposes of a report are as follows:
1. Monitor and control operation
2. Implement policies
3. Obtained new business
4. Comply with requirements
5. Guide decisions
6. Problem solving

Structure of a Report:
Reports may short or long, formal or informal. Short reports may be prepared in the following formats:
i. Preprinted form
ii. Letter form
iii. Memo form

But a formal and long report has different structure. A formal report basically has three parts:
1. Prefatory parts
2. Text of the report
3. Supplementary parts

1. Prefatory parts:
This is the first part of the report but written after the text has been completed. It includes--------

2. Test of the Report:
This is the main part of the report which explains the subject matter in detail. It includes-----

3. Supplementary Parts:
The materials related to the report are presented in this section. It includes-----------

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Difference between letter and memo

The difference between letter and memo

Hello dear guys here you will get the Distinguish between letter and memo or, The difference between letter and memo. I guess you will get advantage form this site and post. Advantage and Disadvantage of a Memo.

Both letter and memo are means of written communication but they are different to each other in various aspects. Differences between letter and memo can be presented in the following manner:
Difference between letter and memo.

Business Communication

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Advantages and Disadvantages of a Memo

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Memo

 Hello dear friends here you will get Advantage and Disadvantage of a Memo. I guess you will get justify of Advantage and Disadvantages of a Memo. How to format a Memo?

Due to its various advantages memos are widely used in most of the organizations. Infect it is very popular means of communication within an organization. Major advantages are as follows:

1. Simple:
First of all it should be mentioned that memos are very simple in form and easy to use.
2. Time Saving:
As memos are written in very brief form it saves valuable time.
3. No Formalities:
Infect no formality is maintained in a memo. Salutation and complementary closing are also avoided from a memo.
4. Specific:
Perhaps the most important advantages of a memo are it is to the point. Only the main message are written very briefly in a memo.
5. Less Costly:
Memos are also cost saving. It is written in simple papers and can be transmitted very cheaply.

Disadvantages of a Memo:
As memos are used within an organization, it’s scope is limited. There are some limitations which are as follows:

1. limited scope:
The major demerits of a memo are its scope is limited. Detail information cannot be provided by a memo.
2. Lack of secrecy:
In case of memo secrecy is not maintained, thus secret messages cannot be transmitted through memos.
3. Not suitable for external communication:
Another shortcoming of memo is it cannot use for external communication.

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Memo

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What is Memo?

Define Memo,The purposes or Functions of a Memo

Hello dear friends here you will get what is Memo?, Define Memo, The purposes of a Memo or, Functions of a Memo. I guess here you will get advantage from this site and post.

What is Memorandum? What are its Purposes?
Memorandum or memo is a short form of letter used within the company. There is no salutation in a memo. It always gives emphasis on the main messages.

In the words of Thill and Bovee; “Memos are the ‘work horses’ of business communication, used for the routine, day to day exchange of information within an organization.” What is Memo?

Every memo has four (4) compulsory elements:
                 i. To
                ii. From
               iii. Subject
                iv. Date

A memo can be depicted as follows:

Purposes of a Memo/ Functions of Memo:
Memos convey important information’s within the organization. Most of the firm use printed memo form. It is known as ‘inter office correspondence’. What is Memo?
The basic purposes or functions of a memo are as follows:

1. Routine Inquiries:
Memos are frequently used for routine inquiries.
2. Routine Responses:
To answer the routine inquiries executives and employees also use memo. This type of memo is known as routine response memo.
3. Routine responses:
In an organization memos are used to convey information’s regarding work rules, new policy, implementation of a policy, etc. What is Memo?
4. Present informal report:
Informal reports also presented through memo.
5. Make request:
Any types of request are made through memos.
6. Refusing request:
Memos can also convey negative news. Personal request can be refused through memos.
Memos are used for the above purposes.

What is Memo?

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Is written communication is more effective than oral communication?

Is written communication is more effective than oral communication?

Hello guys here you will get that Is written communication is more effective than oral communication Or, “written communication is more effective than oral communication? I guess you will get most advantage from this site and post. How to improve written communication?

In some areas oral communication has advantages over written communication. Similarly in some other areas written communication has distinct advantages over oral communication.

Thus we just can not make such generalization that written communication is more effective than oral communication.
Situations where oral communication is more effective:

1. Where immediate feedback is required.
2. Audience size is small.
3. face to face communication.
4. No evidence is required.
5. Communicating with illiterate people

Situations where written communication is effective:
1. Where immediate feedback is not required.
2. Audience size is large.
3. Directness is not required.
4. When documentary evidence is required.
5. Communication with literate people.

Thus it can be revealed that both oral and written communications are effective in different types of situations.

Is written communication is more effective than oral communication?

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How to improve written communication?

How to improve written communication?

Hello dear friends here you will get What are the steps for improving written communication? or, The ‘plan-write-revise’ approach for improving effectiveness of written communication. I guess you will get advantage form this site. How to improve written communication?

Written communication is a formal act and need to be performed in a systematic manner. Communication experts follow a three (3) steps approach for improving the effectiveness of written communication. This approach is known as ‘plan-write-revise’ approach.

Let us now discuss the steps for improving written communication.
1. Planning:
There is an old saying, that “success never can be achieved without plan” – this is also true for written communication. In the words of prof. Rricks and gow, “planning increases the chances that the purpose of the message will be achieved.”

Planning makes the task of writing easier. We know that assessing about the mental status of the mental status or attitude of the reader is in fact the main part of planning. How to improve written communication?

Steps in planning: Basically there are two steps in planning.

2. Write:
After the completion of planning step the second step is writing the message. In case of writing we need to recall the writings of Kipling. Kipling said,

I keep sis honest serving men

Their names are what and why and when

And how and where and who.

Thus in case of written communication to ensure the quality of writing we should think.

Why we are writing?

How shall we present our message?

What information do I need?

Where shall we tell the reader about bad news?

Who needs to have this information?

When we should send our information?

If we can satisfy all the above questions before writing, then we will be able to make the writing effective. How to improve written communication?

3. Revise:
Last but perhaps the most important step for improving the effectiveness of writing is revising the message. Infect a considerable portion of the whole writing time spend for revising the message. The importance of revising can be depicted by the following bar diagram:

How to improve written communication?

Fig-1 : Writing Process time

Thus it can be seen that revising takes almost half of the total time of the writing process. These are the three (3) steps for improving the effectiveness of written communication.

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Disadvantage of written communication

Disadvantage of written communication

Hello dear friends here you will get The Demerits/disadvantage of written communication.
The limitations of written communication. I guess you will get advantage from this site.
In spite of its various advantages written communication have some disadvantages also. Limitations/disadvantages of written communication are as follows:

Disadvantage of written communication

1. No-immediate feedback:
The basic limitation of written communication is it has no immediate feedback.
2. Time consuming:
As written communication prepared by maintaining formality, thus it is time consuming also.

3. Costly:
Another major disadvantage of written communication is, it is costly. It includes cost of paper, printing, and postage. Disadvantage of written communication.
4. Formality:
There are some formalities in written communication; as a result it is a lengthy process.

5. Indirectness:
In case of written communication another problem is lack of directness. As sender and receiver are not in a same place sometimes misunderstanding may occur. Disadvantage of written communication.

6. Lack of correction facilities:
In case of written communication there is no immediate scope for correction. It takes long time and long process to make correction if there is any mistake.

Besides these, written communication also becomes meaningless for illiterate people. It can not be understood by the people of other language. Disadvantage of written communication.

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Advantages of written communication

advantages of written communication

Hello dear here you will get the advantage of written communication or, The merits of written communication.

Due to its various advantages written communication has its own place in the field of communication. The major advantages of written communication are as follows:

Advantages of written communication

1. Permanent record:
Written communication generally services as a documentary evidence. Previous records can be used for future references.

2. Legal acceptance:
As written communication kept as permanent record it has legal acceptance in eye of law.
3. Better control:
Oral directions sometimes create confusions, but written communication is clear and effective measure for control. Advantages of Written Communication.

4. Goodwill creation:
Through written communication a firm can create positive images or goodwill among the customers.
5. Large scope:
In comprise on to oral communication on to oral communication the scope of written communication is much larger. A firm can send written messages all over the world. Advantages of Written Communication.

6. Assignment of responsibility:
Through written directions it is easier to assign responsibilities to subordinates.
7. More accurate:
Usually written communications are made in a systematic manner and with lot of care, thus it is more accurate than oral communication. Advantages of written communication.

Written communication is not only a major media of communication but for some specific business purposes it is the only means of communication.


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Techniques for effective communication writings

Techniques for effective communication writings

Hello dear friends here you will get The Major techniques for effective writings or, What are the key aspects for effective writing? I guess you will get advantage from this site. Techniques for effective communication writings. Principles of effective writing.

Effective writing is necessary for various purposes, especially to hold the attention of the reader or to achieve the desired goal or writing it should be effective. There are different techniques of effective writing, which as follows:

1. You-view point:
Generally we like to see each situation from our own points of view. But in case of writing we should give emphasis on the reader’s interest. By giving emphasis on reader’s view we can expect most positive response from our reader. Techniques for effective communication writings.
Example:

2. Selecting proper words:
To ensure effective writing one should use proper words. Use of improper words can mislead the reader and hurt good-will. Techniques for effective communication writings.

3. Tone of courtesy:
A friendly and courteous tone in business writing creates good will and help to achieve expected response.

4. Avoid anger:
Sometimes good relationship destroyed by anger. Efficient and tactful writers always try to avoid ‘angry words’. Techniques for effective communication writings.

5. Consider cultural differences:
People of different culture have different values and different viewpoints. Thus a some word or phrase can be viewed differently by people of different culture, this can create misunderstanding. To avoid this type of misunderstanding cultural differences should be considered.

6. Using short sentences:
Long sentences are difficult to understand and create irritation. So, the writer should break the long sentences and try to keep it short. Techniques for effective communication writings.

7. Using active voice:
To make the writing effective one should use active voice instead of passive.
8. Avoid repetition:
Another precondition for effective writing is to avoid reputation. That is where one word is enough there we should not use repetitive words.
Example:

9. Correct punctuation:
Wrong punctuation completely changes the meaning of sentence. Therefore, to be effective punctuation should be correct. Techniques for effective communication writings.
Example:
i. Please take the decision quickly; otherwise we will lose the opportunity.
ii. Please take the decision quickly otherwise, we will lose the opportunity.

Techniques for effective communication

10. Careful proofreading:
A careful proofreading can ensure error-free writing. Thus proofreading is also a useful tool for effective writing.
For effective business letter or for any peace of business writing aforesaid techniques should be followed. Techniques for effective communication writings.

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Objectives of Mass Communication

Objectives of Mass Communication

Hello dear friends here you will get what are the objectives of Mass Communication? and What is Mass Communication? I guess you will get advantage from this site and post here.

Objectives of Mass Communication are as follows:
1. To create awareness:
Mass communication is used to create awareness among the mass people regarding health, sanitation and other matters of public interests.

2. Provide information:
The government or social organization use mass communication provides useful information to large group of people in the same time.

3. For distance education:
Mass communication can be effectively used for distance education.
4. To uplift morale of people:
During flood, famine or any types of natural calamities mass communication is used to uplift the morale of the people.

5. To increase government’s revenue:
To increase the revenue of the government mass communication can play vital role by inspiring people to pay tax in time.

6. To motivate people:
Mass communication is an important tool by which people can be motivated for a particular purpose.
7. Expansion of business:
Business organizations also can use mass communication to expand the volume of the business.

8. Political campaign:
Mass communication is widely used b y the political parties for promoting the acceptance of the party among the mass people.

Mass Communication

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What is Mass Communication?

What is Mass Communication?

Hello dear friends here you will get Define Mass Communication or, what is Mass Communication? and  Features of Mass Communication. I guess you will get advantage from this site and pots.

The world ‘Mass’ means ‘large group of people’. When communication takes place among large group of people then it can be termed as mass communication.

Generally, by ‘communication’, we mean ‘two way communications’, where there are only one sender and one receiver. But in case of mass communication the number of receiver is more than one. Thus it can be stated that, mass communication is that type of communication where information can be transferred to a large group of people in the same time through any media.

In the words of R. P. Molo, “Mass communication is such a process through which any individual, firms or organization and government of the state communication with the people.”

McFarland said, “Mass communication is the process of creating feelings on a particular matter among the general people and transmitting ideas of the sender.”

The concept of mass communication can be depicted by the following diagram:

Mass Communication

Fig: Mass Communication

Finally it can be stated that, mass communication is the way of communication through which message can be informed to a large audience by using mass media.

Features of Mass communication:
Features of mass communication are as follow:
1. More than two parties:
In case of mass communication there are more than two parties engaged in the communication process.

2. Specific objective:
There must be specific objectives of the mass communication.

3. Media:
Like other form of communication mass media also use different Medias for transmitting messages. Usually mass Medias are used for mass communication.
4. Barriers:
In case of mass communication there are also different types of barriers.

5. No immediate feedback:
Unlike other form of communication there is no immediate feedback in case of mass communication.
6. Interest of the receiver:
In mass communication interest of the receiver considered carefully.

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What is cross communication?

What is cross communication?

Hello dear friends here you will get what do you mean by diagonal or cross communication? What are the features of diagonal communication? I guess you will get advantage from this site and post here.

When executives and employees of different departments communications each other without maintaining formal chain of command then it can be termed as diagonal or cross communication.
In this type of communication, systems of vertical Communication or horizontal communication are not followed. For example, if manager of the finance department communication with the production supervisor breaking the chain of command then it will be diagonal/ cross communication.

Cross communication

Fig: 8 diagonal communication

If we observe the above figure we will be able to understand that, executives of different departments are communication directly with lower level employees of other departments by breaking the chain of command. Cross Communication.


Features of diagonal or cross communication:
1. Do not follow formal chain of command.
2. Quick communication
3. Creates friendly environment
4. Enhance coordination.
5. Increase quality of decision
6. Lack of control.

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Difference between downward and upward communication"